Although the use of intermediate clinical endpoint or surrogate (correlate) of protection (CoP) has increased over the years, the validation of CoP for high efficacy vaccine trials has remained a challenge due to sparse data and conventional statistical methods which are not adequate. Be it in the frequentist or the Bayesian world, the meta-analytic approach is a well accepted method of validation. However, the full joint bivariate models suffer computational issues. And there is a push for the ...

Statistics 

Background: Malaria is the leading cause of hospital admission in Africa and constitutes the greatest disease burden in the region. More than one hundred nations are affected worldwide with children and pregnant women being mostly vulnerable. Children under the age of five years suffer severe forms.  Malaria is said to be severe when the acute illness is associated with a life-threatening event(s). Several organ systems including the kidney can be involved. In most cases, s...

Nephrology  Public Health  Infectious Diseases  Pediatrics 

This study aimed to independently assess the analytical performance of 56 routine clinical biochemistry parameters on the ABBOTT Alinity ci Series and Architect ci 8200 automated systems, ensuring compliance with ISO 15189 standards. The verification followed Scope A criteria from the Medical Biology Method Verification/Validation Guide, focusing on repeatability and reproducibility. The coefficient of variation (CV) was compared to limits established by recognized learned societies such as the ...

Diagnostics 

Based on the data of 30 provinces in 2010, 2013, 2016, 2019, and 2022, this paper constructed a comprehensive evaluation system of high quality economic productivity, the dynamic model, Dagum gini coefficient, Moran index, Kernel density estimation, and studied the coupling coordination characteristics, regional differences and dynamic evolution rules. The research shows that the coupling and coordination degree of new quality productivity and high-quality economic development in China shows sig...

Business Finance and Investment 

This paper’s purpose is to discuss the legal dilemma arising from the revocation of consent by donors in living organ transplantation, analyze its jurisprudential basis and practical impact, and propose a solution to balance the rights and interests of donors and recipients, so as to promote the healthy development of the organ transplantation cause. Through the analysis of typical cases, it reveals the real harm of revocation of consent; combined with the legislative status of China’s Human Org...

Sociology  Law 

Bipolar fuzzy graphs use positive and negative membership functions to characterize the uncertainty of structured fuzzy data. This article extends the concept of network distance to bipolar fuzzy graphs, provides corresponding definitions, and obtains several remarks.

Artificial Intelligence 

In the context of the ongoing reform of educational evaluation, this study examines the implementation pathways of value-added assessment. Utilizing a horizontal comparative analysis of course objective achievement and leveraging SPSS software alongside individual trajectory analysis tools, this research longitudinally tracks and compares students’ learning value-added. The results demonstrate that value-added assessment can effectively and intuitively reflect students’ learning progress and out...

Language Education 

In developing nations, the informal sector is frequently used for the management of Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE), which presents serious threats to human health and the environment. This study carried out an overview of the informal WEEE management system adopted in MTN Phone Village in Rumukurushi, Port Harcourt, Nigeria, the associated problems, and measures to address the problems. This study highlights several issues by investigating how WEEE is currently collected, store...

Environmental Sciences 

Purpose: Colorectal cancer (CRC) poses a significant global health challenge, with accurate staging and restaging being critical for effective treatment planning. Traditional reliance on standardized uptake values (SUV) from ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT imaging is limited by image noise, inter-patient variability, and segmentation inconsistencies. Advanced metrics like Metabolic Tumor Volume (MTV) and Total Lesion Glycolysis (TLG) provide a more comprehensive assessment but are hin...

Clinical Medicine  Radiology & Medical Imaging 

Since the second half of the 20th century, there has been a “spatial turn” in Western theorists, which is in line with this, and the spatial dimension of literary narrative has attracted more and more attention from the narratology community. How to understand space is the premise of spatial narrative research, and it is also a problem that needs to be further sorted out. This paper explores the “Trinitarian Theory of Space” proposed by Lefebvre in The Production of Space, and understands the ba...

Literature