The powder protein is mostly used as the main dietary by bodybuilders for improving exercise training. This research studied the effect of the powder protein intake on serum total protein and creatinine concentrations, and urine pH and protein of three different groups. The serum total protein concentration has no relationship with the amount of powder protein intake and cannot be affected by it. But the serum creatinine concentration has a direct relationship with the amount of powder protein i...

Food Science & Technology 

Uncertain renewal reward process, of which the interarrival times and rewards (or costs) are regarded as uncertain variables, is an important branch of Liu’s uncertainty theory. At present, there is a lack of strict proof for the elementary theorem. Therefore, the paper gives its strict proof with two lemmas by some techniques.

Mathematical Analysis 

This paper studied the revisions to Einstein’s theory of relativity, introduced the concept of “size mass” and put forward the new relativity mass-velocity formula; and then it put forward Liu’s Cosmological Model, analyzed the nascence, birth and development of the universe, obtained the Universe Moving Equations, and calculated the present universe’s parameters; and it analyzed the conditions that a celestial body occurs the similar big bang and the model that the Galaxy occurred the second bi...

Special Theory of Relativity  Theoretical Physics 

Objective: To observe the effect of liquefying the necrotic tendons of diabetic foot and promotion of wound healing using the treatment of Huafu Zaisheng. Methods: 98 patients suffering from diabetic foot were randomly divided into Huafu Zaisheng group (35 cases), Huafu group (32 cases), Zaisheng group (31 cases), and then had eroded debridement timely for its wounds. Since then, different methods and drugs applied to deal with the wound, observe the liquefaction time and detachment time of the ...

Diabetes & Endocrinology  Infectious Diseases  Surgery & Surgical Specialties 

Zonal and height belt differentiations of the environmental parameters determine forms and types of forest changes while forming natural systems of any hierarchy. Under the conditions of climate changes, shifting of natural (geographical) environments or height belts as definite environments is possible, with the structural differentiation of the whole biosphere. Determination of consequences of such changes is a problem for modern biogeography, biocenology, geobotanics and ecology ...

Biogeography 

An attempt to predict some experimental verification of the Lorentz theory of radiation reaction using theoretical methods is being made. The dynamics of charged particles using the equations of motion of this theory is compared to that of uncharged particles. Some verifiable consequence of pre-acceleration is also worked out.

Theoretical Physics 

We evaluate utilitarian judgments under the dual-system approach of the mind. In the study, participants respond to a cognitive reflection test and five (sacrificial and greater good) dilemmas that pit utilitarian and non-utilitarian options against each other. There is judgment reversal across the dilemmas, a result that casts doubt in considering utilitarianism as a stable, ethical standard to evaluate the quality of moral judgments. In all the dilemmas, participants find the utilitarian judgm...

Philosophy  Psychology 

The phenomenon of the brain drain is a form of contemporary emigration consisting of the best section of the human capital of the country. The loss of productive dynamism at the highest level stymies the future prospects of the country. The National Health System is damaged immediately by the phenomenon as the country is deprived of talented young physicians, the very staff who comprises the “cadets” of the public health system. Motivation theories and empirical researches and motivation incenti...

Sociology 

In this article, it is newly suggested the regulation from nutrient gradient on both cell metabolic state and expressional gene classes as the conserved mechanism differentiating the cell fates for formation of the three germ layers of gastrula in animals. As a new theory, it is supported by the totipotency and pluripotency of early embryonic cells and cultured stem cells to be regulated by nutrients, as well as by the universal formation of nutrient gradient during gastrulation in various anima...

Genetics  Developmental Biology  Evolutionary Studies 

The Arab-Islamic culture is certainty-oriented, such that most Arabs and Muslims consider their beliefs to be certainties. This enabled the traditionalist philosophical school of knowledge to be dominant in the Arab-Islamic world. Both Muslim philosophers Al-Ghazali and Ibn Taymiyyah articulated the dominant philosophical theory of knowledge. While Al-Ghazali claimed that God creates knowledge in us, Ibn Taymiyyah held that knowledge is justified true belief or a set of beliefs presented by an i...

Philosophy