This article analyzes the persistent conflict in the Middle East by examining the complex interplay of historical context, structural realist dynamics (offensive and defensive), and foreign policy decision-making processes. A multi-layered approach that draws on historical analysis, realist international relations theory, and foreign policy analysis literature, this article seeks to comprehensively understand the enduring drivers of conflict in the Middle East region. The analysis demonstrates that structural realism provides valuable insights into state behavior within the anarchic international system. Analysts should adopt a more nuanced approach for practical foreign policy analysis. This article concludes by offering recommendations for strategizing foreign policy analysis, emphasizing the need for continuous adaptation, a pragmatic utilization of all available instruments of power, and a comprehensive understanding of the interrelatedness of individual, state, regional, and systemic levels of analysis to address the Middle East’s persistent conflicts effectively.
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