Translation of Political Terms from the Perspective of Eco-Translatology

Political terminology constitutes codified expressions that convey institutional ideologies in diplomatic discourse. This study examines the English translation of key political terms from the 20th National Congress Report through the lens of Hu Gengshen’s Eco-translatology. Adopting textual analysis and comparative assessment methodologies, the research identifies three adaptive translation strategies: linguistic functional equivalence, cultural conceptual mediation, and communicative discourse restructuring. Analysis of representative cases demonstrates how translators balance source-text fidelity with target-culture adaptability, achieving enhanced cross-cultural recognition while preserving ideological coherence. The findings propose an ecological decision-making framework that addresses the precision-adaptability paradox in political translation, offering both theoretical insights for translation studies and practical guidelines for China’s international discourse construction.