Introduction: The use of titanium implants coated with hydroxyapatite (HA) in dental implantology represents a major breakthrough in dentistry, offering durable solutions for replacing missing teeth. The improved biocompatibility and osteointegration of these implants compared to pure titanium implants are examined in this study. Materials and Methods: A literature review was conducted using the PubMed and Google Scholar search engines, using specific keywords: Hydroxyapatite, Dental Implants, Titanium, Clinical Performances as well as Boolean equations to select relevant studies. In order to ensure the relevance and quality of the data analyzed, inclusion and exclusion criteria have been established. Results: Compared to pure titanium implants, HA-coated implants offer better osteointegration and biocompatibility. Included studies have demonstrated faster bone healing and reduced risks of postoperative complications, highlighting the effectiveness of hydroxyapatite as a coating for dental implants. Discussion: Clinical performance of dental implants is significantly improved by the use of HA as coating for titanium implants. However, further research is needed to assess the long-term impact on patient health and optimize coating processes. Conclusion: Hydroxyapatite-coated titanium dental implants offer considerable benefits in terms of osseointegration and biocompatibility, making them a major innovation in dental implantology. This review emphasizes the need for further research to maximize clinical use of these implants.
Cite this paper
Ziyati, O. , Abou-Obeida, S. , Walim, Z. and Boussiri, K. E. (2025). Hydroxyapatite-Coated Titanium Dental Implants. Open Access Library Journal, 12, e2383. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1112383.
świeczko-żurek, B. and Bartmański, M. (2016) Investigations of Titanium Implants Covered with Hydroxyapatite Layer. Advanced Material Science, 16, 78-86. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24054933
López-Valverde, N., Flores-Fraile, J., Ramírez, J.M., Macedo De Sousa, B., Herrero-Hernández, S. and López-Valverde, A. (2020) Bioactive Surfaces vs. Conven-tional Surfaces in Titanium Dental Implants: A Comparative Systematic Review. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 9, 2047. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9072047
Ong, J.L. and Chan, D.C.N. (2017) A Review of Hydroxapatite and Its Use as a Coating in Dental Implants. Critical Reviews in Biomedical Engineering, 45, 411-451. https://doi.org/10.1615/CritRevBiomedEng.v45.i1-6.160
Yazdani, J., Ahmadian, E., Sharifi, S., Shahi, S. and Maleki Dizaj, S. (2018) A Short View on Nanohydroxyapatite as Coating of Dental Implants. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 105, 553-557. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2018.06.013
Mistry, S., Roy, R., Kundu, B., Datta, S., Kumar, M., Chanda, A., et al. (2016) Clinical Outcome of Hydroxyapatite Coated, Bioactive Glass Coated, and Machined Ti6Al4V Threaded Dental Implant in Human Jaws: A Short-Term Comparative Study. Tooth Implant, 25, 252-260. https://doi.org/10.1097/ID.0000000000000376
Kato, E., Yamada, M. and Sakurai, K. (2015) Retrospective Clinical Outcome of Nanopolymorphic Crystalline Hydroxyapatite-Coated and Anodic Oxidized Titanium Implants for 10 Years. Journal of Prosthodontic Research, 59, 62-70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpor.2014.11.004
Pajor, K., Pajchel, L. and Kolmas, J. (2019) Hydroxyapatite and Fluorapatite in Conservative Dentistry and Oral Implantology—A Review. Materials, 12, Article 2683. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12172683
Mela, O.A., Tawfik, M.A.M., Ahmed, W.M.A.S. and Ab-del-Rahman, F.H. (2022) Efficacy of Nano-Hydroxyapatite Coating on Osseointegration of Early Loaded Dental Implants. International Journal of Health Sciences, 2022, 696-712. https://doi.org/10.53730/ijhs.v6nS2.4998
Ahmed, F., Rashid, H., Farookhi, S., Verma, V., Mulyar, Y., Khalifa, M., et al. (2015) Surface Modifications of Endosseous Dental Im-plants by Incorporation of Roughness and Hydroxyapatite Coatings. Journal of the Pakistan Dental Association, 24, 162-171.
Sartoretto, S.C., Calasans-Maia, J., Resende, R., Camara, E., Ghiraldini, B., Barbosa Bezerra, F.J., et al. (2020) The Influence of Nanostructured Hydroxyapatite Surface in the Early Stages of Osseointegration: A Multiparameter Animal Study in Low-Density Bone. International Journal of Nanomedicine, 15, 8803-8817.https://doi.org/10.2147/ijn.s280957
de Wilde, E.A.W.J., Jimbo, R., Wennerberg, A., Naito, Y., Coucke, P., Bryington, M.S., et al. (2013) The Soft Tissue Immunologic Response to Hydroxyapatite-Coated Transmucosal Implant Sur-faces: A Study in Humans. Clinical Implant Dentistry and Related Research, 17, e65-e74. https://doi.org/10.1111/cid.12128
Salaie, R.N., Besinis, A., Le, H., Tredwin, C. and Handy, R.D. (2020) The Biocom-patibility of Silver and Nanohydroxyapatite Coatings on Titanium Dental Implants with Human Primary Osteoblast Cells. Materials Science and Engineering: C, 107, Article 110210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2019.110210
Bral, A. and Mommaerts, M.Y. (2016) In Vivo Biofunctionalization of Titanium Patient-Specific Implants with Nano Hydroxyapatite and Other Nano Calcium Phosphate Coatings: A Systematic Review. Journal of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, 44, 400-412. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcms.2015.12.004
Clavell, R.S., de Llano, J.J.M., Carda, C., Ribelles, J.L.G. and Vallés-Lluch, A. (2016) In Vitro Assessment of the Biological Response of Ti6Al4V Implants Coated with Hydroxyapatite Microdomains. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A, 104, 2723-2729. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm.a.35817
Xuereb, M., Camilleri, J. and Attard, N. (2015) Systematic Review of Current Dental Implant Coating Materials and Novel Coating Techniques. The International Journal of Prosthodontics, 28, 51-59. https://doi.org/10.11607/ijp.4124
Madi, M., Zakaria, O., Ichinose, S. and Kasugai, S. (2016) Effect of Induced Periimplantitis on Dental Implants with and without Ul-trathin Hydroxyapatite Coating. Implant Dentistry, 25, 39-46. https://doi.org/10.1097/id.0000000000000331
Lukaszewska-Kuska, M., Krawczyk, P., Martyla, A., Hedzelek, W. and Dorocka-Bobkowska, B. (2019) Effects of a Hydroxyapatite Coating on the Stability of Endos-seous Implants in Rabbit Tibiae. Dental and Medical Problems, 56, 123-129. https://doi.org/10.17219/dmp/103851
Lee, D., Lee, J., Kim, E., Takata, T., Abiko, Y., Okano, T., et al. (2017) Bio-Implant as a Novel Restoration for Tooth Loss. Scientific Reports, 7, Article No. 7414. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-07819-z
Liu, H., Wei, D., Deng, J., Zhu, J., Xu, K., Hu, W., et al. (2018) Com-bined Antibacterial and Osteogenic in Situ Effects of a Bifunctional Titanium Alloy with Nanoscale Hydroxyapatite Coating. Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 46, 460-470. https://doi.org/10.1080/21691401.2018.1499662
Szabo, A., Utu, I.D., Hulka, I., Bordeasu, I. and Mitelea, I. (2018) Microstructure and Wear Behaviour of Ti Reinforced HVOF Coating. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engi-neering, 416, Article 012007. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/416/1/012007
Arghami, A., Simmons, D., St. Germain, J. and Maney, P. (2021) Im-mediate and Early Loading of Hydrothermally Treated, Hydroxyapatite-Coated Dental Implants: A 7-Year Prospective Ran-domized Clinical Study. International Journal of Implant Dentistry, 7, Article No. 21. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-021-00299-x
Kim, H., Yun, P. and Kim, Y. (2016) Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial of 2 Types of Hydroxyapatite-Coated Implants on Moderate Periodontitis Patients. Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science, 46, 337-349. https://doi.org/10.5051/jpis.2016.46.5.337
Lugovskoy, A. and Lugovskoy, S. (2014) Production of Hydroxyapatite Layers on the Plasma Electrolytically Oxidized Surface of Titanium Alloys. Materials Science and Engineering: C, 43, 527-532. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2014.07.030
Carradò, A., Perrin-Schmitt, F., Le, Q.V., Giraudel, M., Fischer, C., Koenig, G., et al. (2017) Nanoporous Hydroxyapatite/Sodium Titanate Bilayer on Titanium Implants for Improved Oste-ointegration. Dental Materials, 33, 321-332. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2016.12.013
Tao, Z., Zhou, W., He, X., Liu, W., Bai, B., Zhou, Q., et al. (2016) A Comparative Study of Zinc, Magnesium, Strontium-Incorporated Hydroxy-apatite-Coated Titanium Implants for Osseointegration of Osteopenic Rats. Materials Science and Engineering: C, 62, 226-232. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2016.01.034
Kylychbekov, S., Allamyradov, Y., Khuzhakulov, Z., Majidov, I., Banga, S., ben Yosef, J., et al. (2023) Bioactivity and Mechanical Properties of Hydroxyapatite on Ti6Al4V and Si(100) Surfaces by Pulsed Laser Deposition. Coatings, 13, Article 1681. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings13101681
Ma, L., Li, M., Komasa, S., Hontsu, S., Hashimoto, Y., Okazaki, J., et al. (2023) Effect of Er: YAG Pulsed Laser-Deposited Hydroxyapatite Film on Tita-nium Implants on M2 Macrophage Polarization in Vitro and Osteogenesis in Vivo. International Journal of Molecular Scienc-es, 25, Article 349. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25010349
Hou, H., Lee, B., Liu, Y., Wang, Y., Kuo, W., Chen, I., et al. (2023) Vapor-Induced Pore-Forming Atmospheric-Plasma-Sprayed Zinc, Strontium, and Magnesium-Doped Hydroxyapatite Coatings on Titanium Implants Enhance New Bone Formation—An in Vivo and in Vitro Investigation. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24, Article 4933. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24054933
