Adhesion is a phenomenon of general significance that governs the evolution of microorganisms and their interaction in all the environments in which they occur, that is to say in the whole of the biosphere. The elucidation of the mechanisms at the molecular level of bacterial adhesion to solid surfaces has not been fully accomplished. The oral cavity is part of these environments, the bacterial adhesion is interested in different structures in the mouth: dental, mucosal structures and structures of therapeutic interest (composite, brackets, orthodontic wire, ceramic, stainless steel, titanium…). The adhesion phenomenon involves nonspecific factors of different types (ionic, dipolar, hydrophobic, hydrogen bonding) between the macromolecules on the surface of the microorganisms and those of the support and other specific factors. Stereochemical order involves interactive complementary chemical groups. Objective: Our study aims to observe the behavior of bacteria from the oral flora in contact with dental surfaces and titanium to understand the adhesion mechanism. Specifically, our study seeks to: Observe the ability of these germs to adhere to dental surfaces, titanium, and stainless steel; Quantitatively evaluate the potential for adhesion and proliferation of these germs when in contact with these surfaces; Compare their behavior across the three different surfaces. Method: We studied in vitro the behavior of Staphylococcus aureus Métis, streptococcus intermedius and haemophilus influenza, to understand the bacterial adhesion and proliferation mechanisms using counting methods (by culture and by optical assay). The biomaterials used were Implants in titanium alloy Ti6Al4V (90% Titanium, 6% Aluminum, 4% Vanadium), cylinders in Stainless steel and dental fragments, all were dis-infected for 15 minutes and then sterilized in a humid autoclave at 120℃ for 30 min. Results: The results of our work have shown that the three bacteria exhibited different behaviors and adhesion capacities vis-a-vis the two surfaces. In contact with the tooth surfaces the three seeds were able to adhere and proliferate. However, when in contact with stainless steel and titanium, an inhibition of adhesion was observed. The bacteria required more time to adhere and proliferate on these surfaces, indicating that surface characteristics, particularly surface roughness, play a crucial role in bacterial adhesion. Conclusion: The study concludes that surface properties, especially roughness, significantly influence bacterial adhesion.
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